Before you can be legally evicted from your apartment, the landlord must begin a case against you in Court (generally, in the Housing Part of the Civil Court of New York or in State Supreme Court). The rent must be demanded, (either in writing or orally) before the landlord can begin a case. Then you must be served with papers called a "Non-Payment Petition" and "Notice of Petition". Sometimes these papers are called a "dispossess."

Do not ignore any legal papers, notices, or postcards that come from the Court. Read them carefully. If you ignore these papers and do not go to Court, you may be evicted.

Answering the Non-Payment Petition
Read your papers. The non-payment petition states that you should go to Court within 5 days to answer; it also states the address of the Court. Go immediately with your nonpayment petition to your borough housing Court and see the landlord/tenant clerk.

Be ready to give your answer to the clerk, either orally or in writing. If you want to write your response, you can get the form from the clerk's office. Once you have filed the form with the clerk, you must send a copy to your landlord or his/her attorney (if the landlord has one). Your answer is your chance to state your defenses and/or any counterclaims you may have. Most tenants choose to answer verbally. You should tell the clerk your answer and then he/she will check off your defenses and give you a copy, with the date, time, room number and which part of the housing court you will return to.

You might want to consider using the following questions as a guideline in determining your answer.

Service
How did you receive your Court papers? Were you properly served as required by law? Proper service is achieved when:

• Personal Service - The Notice of Petition and Petition are hand-delivered to you by someone who is 18 years old or older and not a party to the case; or
• Substituted Service - The Notice of Petition and Petition are hand-delivered at your apartment to someone of "suitable" age who lives there and copies are sent to you by both certified and regular mail; or
• Conspicuous Service - The Notice of Petition and Petition are taped to, or slid under your door, and copies are sent to you by both certified and regular mail.

If you did not receive your court papers by any of the above methods you may have been served improperly. Be sure to tell the Clerk.

Parties

• Is your name spelled correctly in the Court papers?
• Is there another person whose name should appear in the Court papers, i.e., a roommate or a spouse?
• Is the person, corporation or company who has filed the case against you the owner of your building? If you are unsure who owns the building, you can get assistance at the Information Table.

Rent

• Were you asked to pay the rent, either orally or in writing, before receiving Court papers?
• Did the landlord refuse to take your rent?
• Is the amount of rent being claimed by the landlord incorrect? The rent being claimed may be incorrect because it is not the legal registered rent. (This applies to rent stabilized and rent controlled apartments. To find out the legal registered rent or rent history for your apartment, you can contact the Division of Housing and Community Renewal in your borough.)
• Is the monthly rent being claimed different from the amount in your lease?
• Has the rent been partially or fully paid?

Apartment

• Are there conditions in your apartment, which need repair or services that are not being provided?
• Are you receiving public assistance and there are Housing Code violations in your apartment or building?
• Are you living in an illegal apartment? An illegal apartment is one in which the landlord does not have a valid Certificate of Occupancy from the Department of Buildings.

Other

• Did you pay for repairs, utilities, or services, that should have been provided by your landlord?
• Has your personal property been damaged because your landlord failed to provide proper repairs or services?
• Do you have any other reason(s) for believing that you do not owe the landlord some or part of the amount being claimed?
• Does the rent demand and petition accurately state for which months you owe rent?

If your answer to any of these questions is yes, you might want to put in a counterclaim. A counterclaim is a specific amount of money that you feel the landlord owes you. You should have receipts to support any counterclaims you may make. Please be sure to briefly state the reason(s) for counterclaim and the specific dollar amount being claimed.

When answering your non-payment petition, you may use one or more of the above reasons as defenses, depending on the specific facts of your case. Be sure to inform the clerk of any defenses that apply to you. You should, also, check to make sure the clerk has recorded your answers appropriately. You will receive a copy of the clerk's record of your answer in the following format: